UH IMAQS Air Quality Forecasting Model Configurations
2. MM5 Meteorology Simulations
4. CMAQ Photochemical Simulations
5. Model Performance Evaluation
1. Modeling Domains
The CMAQ modeling domain is defined with the Lambert Conformal Conic map projection:
| First True Latitude (Alpha): | 30°N |
| Second True Latitude (Beta): | 60°N |
| Central Longitude (Gamma): | 100°W |
| Projection Origin: | (100°W, 40°N) |
| Spheroid: | Perfect Sphere, Radius = 6,370,997 meters |
| Domain Name | Range (km) | Number of Cells | Cell Size (km) | |||
| Easting | Northing | Easting | Northing | Easting | Northing | |
| Continental US (CONUS) 36 km (d36) | (-2160, 2628) | (-1836,1440) | 133 | 91 | 36 | 36 |
| Texas 12 km (e12) | (-660, 1344) | (-1704, -168) | 167 | 128 | 12 | 12 |
| East Texas 12 km (d12) | (-12, 1056) | (-1488, -420) | 89 | 89 | 12 | 12 |
| East Texas 4 km (e04) |
(140, 688) |
(-1228, -680) |
137 | 137 | 4 | 4 |
| Houston-Galveston 4 km (d04) | (356, 688) | (-1228, -968) | 83 | 65 | 4 | 4 |
F1: CONUS 36km - East Texas 12km - Houston/Galveston 4km
F2 & F3: CONUS 36km - Texas 12km - East Texas 4km
|
MM5 Layer |
CMAQ Layer |
Layer Top (AGL m) |
|
MM5 Layer |
CMAQ Layer |
Layer Top (AGL m) |
|
43 |
23 |
20451 |
|
21 |
16 |
3407 |
|
42 |
|
19623 |
|
20 |
|
3058 |
|
41 |
|
18540 |
|
19 |
|
2719 |
|
40 |
22 |
17309 |
|
18 |
15 |
2392 |
|
39 |
|
16251 |
|
17 |
|
2127 |
|
38 |
|
15104 |
|
16 |
14 |
1868 |
|
37 |
|
14101 |
|
15 |
|
1616 |
|
36 |
21 |
13038 |
|
14 |
13 |
1369 |
|
35 |
|
12096 |
|
13 |
|
1224 |
|
34 |
|
11111 |
|
12 |
12 |
1081 |
|
33 |
20 |
10106 |
|
11 |
11 |
940 |
|
32 |
|
9202 |
|
10 |
10 |
800 |
|
31 |
|
8378 |
|
9 |
9 |
708 |
|
30 |
19 |
7621 |
|
8 |
8 |
617 |
|
29 |
|
7006 |
|
7 |
7 |
527 |
|
28 |
|
6427 |
|
6 |
6 |
437 |
|
27 |
18 |
5880 |
|
5 |
5 |
348 |
|
26 |
|
5363 |
|
4 |
4 |
260 |
|
25 |
|
4940 |
|
3 |
3 |
173 |
|
24 |
17 |
4534 |
|
2 |
2 |
86 |
|
23 |
|
4145 |
|
1 |
1 |
34 |
|
22 |
|
3769 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2. MM5 Meteorology Simulations
F1: CONUS 36km - East Texas 12km - Houston/Galveston 4km
F2: CONUS 36km - Texas 12km - East Texas 4km
|
F1 |
F2 |
F3 |
|
|
MM5 |
Version 3.6.1 |
Version 3.6.1 |
Version 3.6.1 |
|
Initialization |
ETA Forecasting |
ETA Forecasting |
ETA Forecasting |
| Landuse Type |
USGS24 (36 & 12 km) TFS LULC (4 km) |
USGS24 (36 & 12 km) TFS LULC (4 km) |
USGS24 |
|
Sub-grid cloud convection |
Grell scheme for 36- & 12-km, and 4-km |
Grell scheme for 36- & 12-km, and 4-km |
Grell scheme for 36-, 12-, and 4-km |
|
Radiation scheme |
RRTM |
RRTM |
RRTM |
|
PBL scheme |
UH-modified MRF |
UH-modified MRF |
MRF |
|
LSM scheme |
UH-modified NOAH LSM |
UH-modified NOAH LSM |
Multilayer slab |
3. SMOKE Emissions Processing
Texas Emissions Inventory from TCEQ (Base5b imputed) was used to prepare CMAQ-ready inputs.
– Mobile: projected for year 2003
– Point: projected emissions for 2007, except HG NOx for 2005
– Area & Non-road: 2007 Emissions Inventory
National Emissions Inventory for 1999 (Final version 3) was in part used to prepare emissions for the CONUS 36-km domain and emissions particulate matters and its precursors (NH3, SO2) for all the domains. No projection was applied for the NEI99. SMOKE version 2.1 was used to process the anthropogenic emissions with internal databases from TCEQ for spatial and temporal allocation. For chemical speciation, both default and TCEQ's cross-reference table and profiles were used.
– Step 1: Using GloBEIS 3.1
Normalized emissions (30 oC, 1000 mol m-2 s-1)
Split factors for a chemical mechanism selected
- Step 2: Using BEIS 3.12
Temperature & PASR adjustment
< Emissions Processing with SMOKE >
4. CMAQ Photochemical Simulations
|
F1 |
F2 |
F3 |
|
|
Domains |
36-, 12-, and 4-km |
36-, 12-, and 4-km |
36-, 12-, and 4-km |
|
CMAQ |
Version 4.4 |
Version 4.4 |
Version 4.4 |
|
MCIP |
Version 2.3 |
Version 2.3 |
Version 2.3 |
| SMOKE |
Version 2.1 |
Version 2.1 |
Version 2.1 |
|
Chemical Mechanism |
CB4 (cb4_aq_ae3) |
CB4 (cb4_aq_ae3) |
CB4 (cb4_aq_ae3) |
|
Emissions |
Texas Emissions Inventory (TCEQ) for 2000 + NEI99 |
Texas Emissions Inventory (TCEQ) projeted for 2005 + NEI99 |
Texas Emissions Inventory (TCEQ) projeted for 2005 + NEI99 |
|
Boundary Condition |
Downscale linkage from GEOS-CHEM |
Downscale linkage from GEOS-CHEM |
Downscale linkage from GEOS-CHEM |
|
Advection Scheme |
PPM |
PPM |
PPM |
|
Horizontal Diffusion |
Multiscale |
Multiscale |
Multiscale |
|
Vertical Diffusion |
Eddy |
Eddy |
Eddy |
|
Cloud Scheme |
RADM |
RADM |
RADM |
|
Forecasting hours |
48 hours (+ 6-hr spin-up) |
48 hours (+ 6-hr spin-up) |
48 hours (+ 6-hr spin-up) |
5. Model Performance Evaluations
1. Spatial Plots
(1) Species name
(2) Plot type (Ex: daily maximum of forward 8hr moving average)
(3) Unit
(4) Color scale indicates EPA AQI numbers and colors
(5) Value and location of CMAQ maximum
(6) Value and location of CMAQ minimum
(7) Day of CMAQ run and layer
(8) Target date and hour (in CST)
(9) CAMS site location and measured value (color within the circles also indicates the measured amount)
2. Time Series
(1) CAMS site name
(2) CAMS site ID
(3) County name where this CAMS site is located
(4) CMAQ simulation value at the CAMS site location (exact cell)
(5) Best-fit value of CMAQ simulation within the adjacent 3X3 cells of CAMS location
(6) Forward moving average of best-fit values
(7) CAMS measurements
(8) Forward moving average of CAMS measurements
(9) Min/max range of 3X3 CMAQ cells
(10) Day of CMAQ run
3. Time Series (Regional Average)
(1) Domain (Ex: "d04" indicates Houston-Galveston-Brazoria-Beaumont-Port Arthur 04km domain)
(2) Number of CAMS sites used
(3) Mean of best-fit (the closest CMAQ simulation to CAMS measurements from adjacent 3x3 CMAQ output cells)
(4) 1 standard deviation of best-fit
(5) Min/max range of 3x3 CMAQ output cells used for best-fit estimation
(6) Mean of CAMS measurements
(7) 1 standard deviation of CAMS measurements
(8) Min/max range of CAMS measurements
(9) Day of CMAQ run
(10) Forecasting hours in CST
4. Statistics
(1) Species name
(2) "d12" indicates EXT 12 km domain
(3) ndata : number of data used
(4) mean_m : mean CMAQ simulation (5) mean_o : mean CAMS measurements
(6) stddev_m : standard deviation of CMAQ simulations (7) stddev_o : standard deviation of CAMS measurements
(8) slope of CMAQ/CAMS correlation
(9) offset of CMAQ/CAMS correlation
(10) correlation coefficient (11) gross mean bias (12) gross mean absolute error
(13) gross root mean square error (14) gross standard deviation of error (15) index of agreement
